Budgets are usually discussed in trillions of rupees. But the most intuitive way to understand public finance is far simpler: What does one rupee of government income actually consist of? And where does that rupee finally go? Comparing the composition of a single rupee in FY 2020-21 and FY 2024-25 reveals how India’s fiscal structure has evolved, and why some recent policy choices make sense in that context. Part 1: Where One Rupee Comes From - A Shift Within Tax Revenues Tax

Budgets are usually discussed one year at a time. But governments don’t operate in single-year snapshots, they evolve through multi-year compounding trends. Looking at CAGR growth between FY 2020-21 and FY 2024-25 offers a far more reliable way to understand how India’s revenue engines and spending priorities have actually changed. This piece focuses on what has consistently grown, what has slowed, and what has structurally declined, and why these patterns matter more than an

You have dashboards. You have reports. You have charts with colors that would make a rainbow jealous. And yet, you’re still unsure. Should you expand that product line? Double down on marketing? Cut that underperforming store? You feel like you should know, the data is right there, but somehow, clarity never comes. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone. Bad data is worse than no data because it gives you the illusion of certainty without the substance. Let’s break down wh